To join multiple metal or PVC components together by heat fusion.

Air temperature in ° F as measured by a thermometer with a bulb covered by a damp wick.

The thickness of an uncured material such as a coating.

To convey liquid by capillary action.

A clip that slips over the ends of tile, slate and other steep slope roofing materials in order to help prevent wind uplift damage.

The force that wind puts on structures.

(1) The upward displacement of a section of a roof system or component caused by movement of air from a location of higher air pressure, such as inside a building, to an area of lower air pressure, such as the surface of a roof during a windy day. Strong wind across the surface of a roof, especially at corners and along perimeters, creates low air pressure above the surface of the roof. Nature will automatically try to compensate for this by moving air from an area of higher pressure such as inside a building. If all penetrations and perimeters are not properly sealed, then "blow-off" can occur. (2) Displacement or blow-off of shingles or other roofing caused by the wind.

Facing into the wind.

A system for attaching heavy steep slope roofing materials such as slate r tile by using wire fasteners in addition to or in place of nails.

Method of valley construction in which shingles from both sides of the valley extend across the valley and are woven together by overlapping alternate courses as they are applied. The valley flashing is not exposed.

A bluish-white, lustrous metallic element that is brittle at room temperature but malleable with heating. It is used to form a wide variety of alloys including brass, bronze, various solders, and nickel silver, in galvanizing iron and other metals, for electric fuses, anodes, and meter cases, and in roofing, gutters, flashings, edge metals and also for various household objects. Atomic number 30; atomic weight 65.37; melting point 419.4 °C; boiling point 907 °C; specific gravity 7.133 (25 °C); valence 2.